economy at Global Economy

Chemical Industry of Belarus: Belarus has perhaps the most modernized and powerful chemical industry among the CIS states besides Russia. The chemical industry specializes first of all in the processing of Russian oil products going through the pipelines to the west (primarily Germany); synthetic polymers, mineral fertilizers, pharmaceutics, household chemical products.  

Polymer Synthesis in Belarus: Several major Belarusian enterprises are manufacturing polymers, synthetic fibers, polymer film etc. Among such enterprises are “Khimvalakno” (synthetic polyester fibre plant in Grodno); Rudensk plastic manufacturing plant near Miensk; ZIV - Mahilyow Viscose Fibre Plant and “Khimplast” (plastics and polymer manufacturer/ recycler plant) and Mogilev Regenerate Plant (recycling plastic materials).  

Production of Mineral Fertilizers in Belarus: Belarus is the world biggest supplier of potassium mineral fertilizers - the only mineral resource met in abundance in our land. “BelarusKali” is the world’s largest potassium fertilizer manufacturer; “Azot” is a giant enterprise manufacturing nitro-mineral fertilizers and other nitro compounds. It is now a part of the Belarusian Consortium which includes also Khimvolokno, Polymir etc.  

Belarusian Pharmaceutical Industry: it turns out that Belarusian pharmaceutical industry is not so bad. Some foreigners buy antibiotics in packs when in Belarus. Keep in mind that extremely strict former USSR governmental standards on medicine are still operating. Of course, with the disintegration of the industrial network of the CIS the production has fallen and there is a deficit of medicine now in Belarus. Major enterprises are Mogilev plant of medicine and Mogilev plant of veterinary medicine.  

Household Chemical Products from Belarus: there are several plants involved in production of stuff like shampoo, detergents, etc. for example, Brest Chemical Plant of Household Products.  

The Belarusian Semiconductor Industry - one of the main branches of Belarusian economy. During the USSR times Belarus semiconductor industry was taking care of the mass manufacturing of main-stream semiconductor elements, ICs and computer chips. Belarusian enterprises were mostly oriented on consumer electronics and mid-level ICs. The main Belarusian semiconductor consortium - Research and Production Corporation “Integral” - is in fact the largest in Eastern Europe semiconductor Production Company. In fact it consists of 6 plants and 3 design centers providing complete cycle of production of electronic components. The headquarters of “Integral” are located in Dzerzhinsky Plant. “INTEGRAL” Research and Production Corporation was established in 1971 in Minsk, it was the biggest semiconductor manufacturer in the former USSR, both for national economy and for defense needs.  

At present time the Corporation includes five plants and four R&D centers in different regions of the Republic of Belarus. Under new political and economical conditions, “Integral ” make active efforts for conversion and diversification of the range of their products. By extending and updating the new high technology goods of its own design, “Integral” wants to be useful for its customers and tries to solve the difficult problems of keeping its competitiveness, to gain the access to new markets and receive international recognition.  

Production Association RADIOVOLNA concentrates main attention on production of complicated radio electronic devices and electro technical goods for automobile industry. At present time the association enlarges sale markets of car stereo systems, TV sets, radio receivers generators and accessories for diesel engines, electro technical goods for agriculture and cable TV equipment, aspires to be useful to customers constantly producing now qualitative goods.  

Production association RADIOVOLNA has wide opportunities in: 

- Forming production; 

- Mechanical treatment 

- Plastic processing 

- Electroplating and paint coating 

- Production of complicated technological and non-standard equipment on CHARMILLES TECHNOLOGIES machines.  

Do you have a plastic bank card? Have you ever used any bank serves?
I am sure that your answer will be «yes».
But do you know how the bank system works? Not exactly?
I will try to tell you about it by the example of the National Bank of Belarus.
 

The National Bank of Belarus occupies the central position in the country’s banking system and is accountable to the Parliament. It has the right of legal initiative. The Head of the National Bank is appointed by the President. His deputies and members of the board are appointed by the Presidium of the Parliament.
The National Bank is an independent institution acting within the limits of the legislation and its Charter. The Charter is the subject to approval by the Parliament. The Bank forwards annual reports of its activities to the Parliament.
Institutions of the state my not intervene with the work of the National Bank. The National Bank has no responsibility for the government debt, nor is the government responsible for any liabilities of the National Bank, if otherwise not specified by the legislation.
The National Bank maintains the foundation capital, reserve, and other aspects which serve as collateral for its liabilities.
In cooperation with the government, the National Bank drafts and forwards to the Parliament the guidelines for financial and credit policies for the coming year and reports the implementation of such policies in the previous year.
The National Bank’s efforts are directed at the stability maintaining of the local currency and prices. Its main responsibilities are to develop monetary and credit politics, encourage the liquidity, solvency and stability of the financial system and provide support for government economic policies.
The National Bank regulates inflation chiefly by internationally accepted economic means, such as interest rates, minimal requirements for banking services and activity on the open financial market.
The National Bank acts as a creditor, economic advisor and representative of the government on the financial market. The Bank represents the Republic of Belarus in all international and other organizations in issues of monetary and credit policies and licensing of banking activities.
The National Bank offers banking services to foreign governments, banks and financial institutions. Acting as the representative of Belarus in international organizations, it makes commitments and conducts operations required by the country’s membership status in such organizations. 
Functions of the National Bank:
- monetary, credit and hard currency regulations; monitoring of foreign trade and loan market;
- consulting, crediting and financial representation of the government and local institutions of power, execution of the central and local budgets;
- acting as a central depository;
- registration of banks, their branches and representative offices, monitoring their stability and liquidity operation of the inter-bank settlements system;
- issuing of licenses to financial companies to operate on the financial and hard currency markets;
- maintaining uniform accounting and reporting standards, setting rules and procedures for clearance settlements in the national economy.
 

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Also there were a lot of different students’ conferences this year. And I didn’t lose the opportunity to participate in them. One of my reports was devoted to gender problem in international business. And now I’d like to tell you about the most interesting parts of it…

Women have made great strides over the last century in areas where they were not historically equal to men; they gained the right to vote, they removed the barriers to traditionally male professions, and they changed the way society looked at them. Women are no longer viewed as primarily «emotional» creatures, but are judged on their individual qualities.

But the gender problem is still burning all over the world and especially in the countries of the former USSR, Belarus is no exception. The fact that there is still women and men’s work, and still separate play for boys and girls, show how these are apparent even today. By breaking down these stereotypes and allowing men - or women - to be as feminine or masculine as they choose give them a chance to be individuals. And that is why the United Nations Development Programme supports the idea of expanding the public space for women in Belarus.

This Project is for women aspiring to social, political and professional success; for men willing to support active women’ striving for self-realization and for anyone interested in the sustainable democratic development of Belarus.

Society creates artificial barriers in the way of women’s professional, political and social careers thus depriving itself of the great potential that this social group possesses. Gender equality is a prerequisite to the effective development of this country. The goal of the Project is to ensure the real access to the sphere of decision-making for Belarusian women.

In order to feel motivated, reach out and participate in the decision-making women must first attain self-affirmation. Up-to-date education, relevant knowledge and skills are all ingredients of success that would allow women to become leaders. The Project provides an opportunity to get the education that fits women’s needs, status and employment.

Providing equal opportunities means not only that women must be able to gain the education that would allow them to access such traditionally masculine spheres as big politics, serious business, higher levels of power. Equal opportunities are founded, first and foremost, on equal rights. The Project calls for expanding women’s impact on the legislative process to ensure the gender equality in the society.

Women who aspire to participate in decision-making face an invisible obstacle in the form of the public opinion. The stereotypical view on the limited role of women in the public sphere unfortunately still exists in our society. It cultivates in women the predisposition to passiveness and dependence, and, at best, provides them with a sort of a greenhouse – a limited scope of possibilities of personal self-realization.

Women who have strength, knowledge and ambition to participate in public life want to step outside the greenhouse and into a real world. Yet, too often they cannot declare their aspirations because of the social disapproval that would follow.

The Project aims at working with Mass Media to facilitate the change of public opinion and create a friendlier social environment for women. Creation of social advertising is one direction of work with mass-media. The social advertising, that were created during such cooperation, got two first prizes in nominations «Noncommercial printed advertising» and «Video advertising» in the Seventh world festival of advertising «Idea! 2006» and two first prizes in the fourth Kiev International Festival of Advertising.

It is important to consider the gender inequality as an economic problem, not only social one!

Women represent the biggest social - demographic group in Belarus. There are above 5,000,000 women that make up 53 % of all the population living in this country. Today women face with excessive loadings on work, growth of unemployment and poverty. In each branch of the economy there are significant distinctions in the incomes received by men and women. The average wages of women make 81 % from average wages of men. In spite of the fact, that women and men have the same educational level.

Thus, the gender problem is really urgent in our society because having refused from a social equality of men and women we refuse huge prospects of successful economic development of our country.

East or West — home is best

The latest research of many scientific centers proved that the tendency towards the transfer to large cities and metropolises of the key efforts aimed at improving living standards and environment, increasing the competitive potential of economy and struggle for outlets will prevail in the 21^st century. The globalization process will facilitate the creation of global cities, the centers managing the world economy, financial markets and science intensive productions. Some megalopolis of the world became    city-states. Foe example, the following cities:

1. New York

2. Chicago

3. Washington

in United States of America

4. London

in United Kingdom

5. Berlin

in Germany

6. Rome

7. Milan

in Italy

8. Moscow

in Russia

(Would you like to continue this list???)

These tendencies, which were described above, prompted the necessity to elaborate the concept and strategic plan of a sustainable development of the city of Minsk (the capital of Belarus) by the year 2020.

The Minsk development concept fits in the formula «Five cities in one». The first component of the concept is «The city of health and high social standards». It means the top priority of the technological and socio-economic progress in Belarus’ capital city is not the development of production or technological values, but the Human Being and his/her physical and spiritual health in a safe and favorable environment. The following conditions are to be met to ensure this component:

- clean water,

- clean air, warmth in houses,

- good nutrition, etc.

The second part of the concept – «The city of knowledge and science intensive technologies» – includes the development of the educational, science-innovation complex, creation of a state-of-the-art information structure, restructuring of the industrial complex, technological upgrade of construction and power engineering and encouragement of foreign economic activity.

The third basis of the sustainable development of the city of Minsk is «The city is the center of international communication». It envisages further development of external transport functions, the culture component, tourism, and city media. Besides the economic benefit the communication progress results in a huge advantage for international and human communication in the modern integrated world.

The fourth strategy of Minsk’s sustainable development - «The city favorable for business and attractive for investments» – envisages the creation of such conditions as a favorable tax climate, land relations that correspond to market relations and establishment of the real estate market.

The fifth component of the Minsk development concept is «The city developing democracy with a wide representation of citizens». It aims at elaborating the rules of living in the city, methods of city administration and the interaction between the city authorities, population, companies and organizations, as well as ways to effectively perform the functions of the capital of the country.

«Sustainable development of the city» is not a new tag for old ideas, but a completely new approach directed towards the next generation. Sustainable development is necessary not only for regional, but also for global development, because the ultimate goal is to coordinate the interests of generations, develop social cooperation, improve living standards and become more responsible on a global scale.

<:3  )~~~

There is no place like home

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