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A joint venture is a legal organization that takes the form of a short term partnership in which the persons jointly undertake a transaction for mutual profit. Generally each person contributes assets and share risks. Like a partnership, joint ventures can involve any type of business transaction and the “persons” involved can be individuals, groups of individuals, companies, or corporations.
Joint ventures are also widely used by companies to gain entrance into foreign markets. Foreign companies form joint ventures with domestic companies already present in markets the foreign companies would like to enter. The foreign companies generally bring new technologies and business practices into the joint venture, while the domestic companies already have the relationships and requisite governmental documents within the country along with being entrenched in the domestic industry.
The reasons behind the formation of a joint venture often include business expansion, development of new products or moving into new markets, particularly overseas.
Your business may have strong potential for growth, and you may have innovative ideas and products, but could still benefit from:

more resources;
greater capacity;
increased technical expertise;
established distribution channels.

Entering into a joint venture is a major decision. This guide introduces the advantages and disadvantages.
Businesses can often achieve unexpected gains through joint ventures with a partner. Businesses of any size can use joint ventures to strengthen long-term relationships or to collaborate on short-term projects.
A successful joint venture can offer:

access to new markets and distribution networks;
increased capacity;
sharing of risks with a partner;
access to specialized staff and technology.

A joint venture can also be very flexible. For example, a joint venture can have a limited life span and only cover part of what you do, thus limiting both your commitment and the business’ exposure.
Joint ventures are a popular form of co-operation between businesses in different countries in areas such as transport, tourism and hotels.

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Also there were a lot of different students’ conferences this year. And I didn’t lose the opportunity to participate in them. One of my reports was devoted to gender problem in international business. And now I’d like to tell you about the most interesting parts of it…

Women have made great strides over the last century in areas where they were not historically equal to men; they gained the right to vote, they removed the barriers to traditionally male professions, and they changed the way society looked at them. Women are no longer viewed as primarily «emotional» creatures, but are judged on their individual qualities.

But the gender problem is still burning all over the world and especially in the countries of the former USSR, Belarus is no exception. The fact that there is still women and men’s work, and still separate play for boys and girls, show how these are apparent even today. By breaking down these stereotypes and allowing men - or women - to be as feminine or masculine as they choose give them a chance to be individuals. And that is why the United Nations Development Programme supports the idea of expanding the public space for women in Belarus.

This Project is for women aspiring to social, political and professional success; for men willing to support active women’ striving for self-realization and for anyone interested in the sustainable democratic development of Belarus.

Society creates artificial barriers in the way of women’s professional, political and social careers thus depriving itself of the great potential that this social group possesses. Gender equality is a prerequisite to the effective development of this country. The goal of the Project is to ensure the real access to the sphere of decision-making for Belarusian women.

In order to feel motivated, reach out and participate in the decision-making women must first attain self-affirmation. Up-to-date education, relevant knowledge and skills are all ingredients of success that would allow women to become leaders. The Project provides an opportunity to get the education that fits women’s needs, status and employment.

Providing equal opportunities means not only that women must be able to gain the education that would allow them to access such traditionally masculine spheres as big politics, serious business, higher levels of power. Equal opportunities are founded, first and foremost, on equal rights. The Project calls for expanding women’s impact on the legislative process to ensure the gender equality in the society.

Women who aspire to participate in decision-making face an invisible obstacle in the form of the public opinion. The stereotypical view on the limited role of women in the public sphere unfortunately still exists in our society. It cultivates in women the predisposition to passiveness and dependence, and, at best, provides them with a sort of a greenhouse – a limited scope of possibilities of personal self-realization.

Women who have strength, knowledge and ambition to participate in public life want to step outside the greenhouse and into a real world. Yet, too often they cannot declare their aspirations because of the social disapproval that would follow.

The Project aims at working with Mass Media to facilitate the change of public opinion and create a friendlier social environment for women. Creation of social advertising is one direction of work with mass-media. The social advertising, that were created during such cooperation, got two first prizes in nominations «Noncommercial printed advertising» and «Video advertising» in the Seventh world festival of advertising «Idea! 2006» and two first prizes in the fourth Kiev International Festival of Advertising.

It is important to consider the gender inequality as an economic problem, not only social one!

Women represent the biggest social - demographic group in Belarus. There are above 5,000,000 women that make up 53 % of all the population living in this country. Today women face with excessive loadings on work, growth of unemployment and poverty. In each branch of the economy there are significant distinctions in the incomes received by men and women. The average wages of women make 81 % from average wages of men. In spite of the fact, that women and men have the same educational level.

Thus, the gender problem is really urgent in our society because having refused from a social equality of men and women we refuse huge prospects of successful economic development of our country.

Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth.

But nevertheless you should know bout recommended gifts, gifts to avoid, good and bad colours for wrapping paper in some countries. And of course it will be very good if you will know how present a gift to individuals and groups.

Gift Giving

Japan:

- Gift-giving is an important part of Japanese business protocol.

- An expensive gift will not be a bribe.

- Present gifts with both hands.

- Gifts are opened in private, because if the gift turns out to be a poor choice, “loss of face” will result.

- Before accepting a gift, it is polite to modestly refuse at least once or twice before finally accepting.

- Ensure that your gifts are wrapped. The safest gift-wrapping choices are pastel-colored papers, without bows.

Gifts to Avoid:

- Lilies, lotus blossoms, and camellias are associated with funerals. White flowers of any kind should be avoided.

- Giving four or nine of anything is considered unlucky.

- Red Christmas cards should be avoided, since funeral notices are customarily printed in this colour. There is also a superstition that potted plants encourage sickness.

China:

- Today, official policy in Chinese business culture forbids giving gifts; this gesture is considered bribery, an illegal act in this country. In many organizations, however, attitude to gifts are beginning to relax.

- The Chinese will decline a gift three times before finally accepting, so as not to appear greedy.

- If possible, have your gifts wrapped in red paper, which is considered a lucky colour.

- Wrapping in yellow paper with black writing is a gift given only to the dead.

Gifts to Avoid

- Numbers such as ‘73′ meaning ‘the funeral’ and ‘84′ meaning ‘having accidents’ are to be avoided.

- Scissors, knives, or other sharp objects

- The following items are to be avoided as they are associated with funerals: handkerchiefs, gifts or wrapping paper in white, black, or blue

The following items are to be avoided as they are associated with funerals: clocks, four of any item [the Cantonese word for “four” sounds similar, in the same language, to “death”]

India:

- Gift giving is customary in India, and is seen as a sign of friendship.

- It is advisable not to give expensive gifts, unless you are very close to the person.

- Normally, gifts are not opened in the presence of the giver. However, sometimes your Indian host may insist on your opening the gift, and would expect appreciation for his/her choice.

- Alcohol is culturally not accepted in most parts of India.

- Be cautious in giving a leather item as a gift. Since many Indians are vegetarians, they may not appreciate items made of leather.

Spain:

- In ordinary Spanish business culture, however, gifts are usually given only at the conclusion of successful negotiations.

- If you receive a gift, you should open it immediately and in front of the giver.

- When offering any gift, you should ensure that it is a high-quality item [perhaps a brand-name] and that it is finely wrapped.

- You should not give anything too extravagant as your generosity may be perceived as a bribe.

France:

- French business etiquette dictates that you don’t include your business card with a gift.

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