loss at Global Economy

The National Bank has the exclusive right to issue paper money, regulate settlements procedures and manage national reserves.
The National Bank bears full responsibility for the development and implementation of exchange rate policies. These include the setting of procedures for hard currency transactions and monitoring the activities of dealers on this market, including banks.
The National Bank has the right to provide guarantees for loans, including government guarantees for international loans.
The National Bank does not provide crediting to economic entities but to the only institution authorities who give loans to the central and local governments. Under the present law, the total amount of such loans may not exceed two percent of the GNP in that fiscal year.
Under the current legislation, crediting, cash collection and other financial services are provided to economic entities by commercial banks.
Banks receive the status of legal entity after their registration with the National Bank and operate on conditions specified by their licenses.
Banks operate independently, and any state interference in their activities is illegal. The procedures for attracting and use of funds, conducting banking transactions, as well as interest rates and commissions are set by the banks independently.
Banks must comply with the decrees issued by the National Bank and provide the statistics required by the National Bank regulations. In order to promote the stability of banks, the National Bank sets the minimum requirements to the size of the banks’ foundation capital, obligatory guidelines of their economic performance and procedures for ensuring current and deposit accounts.
The National Bank may conduct the refunding of banks as a means of regulating the amount of money in circulation. It may also provide credit aid to solvent banks directed at maintaining their liquidity.
In the event of a systematic violation of the National Bank regulations, loss-making or a situation that may threaten the interests of the bank’s creditors, the Bank is entitled to take every step necessary to amend the situation, which may ultimately include a bankruptcy action in court against the bank in question.
The Bank co-operates with the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and has correspondence accounts in foreign banks.
The National Bank participates in the work of international organizations. With the government’s authorization, the Bank makes commitments and conducts operations required by Belarus’ membership status in these organizations.
The National Bank co-operates with foreign banking and financial control institutions. The law enables it to be a member of international banking funds, unions and association. 

The art of advertising is to persuade people to buy your product or service. This requires a basic understanding of psychology, the needs of human beings and how those needs can be satisfied.

An American psychologist, Abraham Maslow, has suggested, those needs can be compartmentalized and arranged in the form of a hierarchy.

At the lowest level people need food, shelter, warmth and sex.

When these needs are eagerly satisfied, people begin to think about the safety of themselves and their personal possessions. Squirrels, when they have had their fill of nuts, begin to bury nuts in their winter larders, human beings have the same tendency, much to the relief of the insurance companies. Insurance appeals to those who would feel the loss of personal possessions, through burglary, flood and fire, and those who seek pensions and financial security generally.

Even when a human being does not feel under threat at the safety level, a new need emerges according to Maslow. There is now a need to be approved by other people, a need for love and respect. The advertising industry finds this a very useful area for its machinations

«If you want people to look at you admiringly, or enviously, you have to wear Jay boy Jeans - no-one else’s will do! » That is the message, in effect.

Or the advertiser might be trying to persuade you to buy a new car. «This is the tastiest and the best sports car in the market. It is faster, sleeker, more enviable, than anything else in the world. If you haven’t got one, or don’t get one pretty soon, the rest of the world is going to see you as a dead duck! »

And when we are largely satisfied at this social level, according to Maslow we simply move on to egocentricity. We all have egos, but what is an ego? It is a love of self. We look into the mirror and hopefully like what we see. Of course, that is not only in physical terms. We hunger for self-respect now that our lower level needs have been largely satisfied. That is another happy hunting-ground for the advertising agencies, for example «Diamonds are forever», or «Use Real Results from Diana Cosmetics! It fights wrinkles fast!»

According to Maslow the ultimate need is for fulfillment. This would no doubt come when we have all that the advertisers say we so desperately need. For most of us it seems that day will never come! 

http://www.surfgopher.com

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